Asian J. Exp. Sci, Vol. 11, No. 1&2, 1997, 5-10
 

Human Intestinal Parasites in Rural Areas Near Gwalior : Status and Control Measures.

R Mathur, Sanjay Sharma, Rajesh Singh and P.C. Jain
School of Studies in Zoology,
Jiwaji University,
Gwalior- 474011, INDIA

The present study was carried out in thirty- six villages located at different radll of Malanpur and Banmore industrial complexes near Gwallor, for the assessment of enteric parasites in rural population. One huudred stool samples were collected from the agrcultural field from each village in the early hours of the day. The samples wereconcentrated by floatation and sedlmentation techniques using saturated salt solution and water respectively. The microscopic incidence of parasites recorded was of Ascaris lumbricoides followed by Giardia intestinalis, Teenia and Ancylotoma duodende. In the villages adjoining Banmore industrial comples, the maximum incidence Lowest incidence of Enterobius hominis was found in villages adjoining both the industrial complexes. The paper also discusses the prevailling practices and problems of the people and measures for controlling the enteric infections.

Key Words: Human intestinal, stool analysis, Control measures.

Asian J. Exp. Sci, Vol. 11, No. 1&2, 1997, 11-14
 

Effect of 0, O-Di-isopropyl Brain And Liver PhosphorofluG on ADP : On Ratio in Mitochondria of Hens

Sudhir K Dighe, Anand B. Nashilkkar, Balwant S. Batra and Prakash C. Jatav
Defence Research and Development Establishment Gwalior, India

Subacute dose of O, O-Diisopropyl-phosphorofluoridate (DFP), a potent organophosphorus ester capable of producing organophosphorus induced delayed neurotoxicity did not after the Adenosine dephosphate : Oxygen ration in the liver and brain mitochondria of atropine protected hens, at any time after the treatment. The results suggest that no uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation occur in the development of neuropathy, in susceptible species on exposure to DFP.

Key Word : O-Adenosine diphosphate (ADP), O, O-diisopropyl phosphorofluoridate, TLC, GLC, IR, UV, NMR.

Asian J. Exp. Sci, Vol. 11, No. 1&2, 1997, 11-14
 

Search for the Best Suitable Vehicle to Study Carbondisulph (CSz) Effects in Rats

Kumud G. Patel
Division of Endocrinology
National Institute of Occupational Health
Meghani Nagar, Ahmedabad-380 016, India

A pilot study on different vehicles showed that out of seven vehicles tried, Maruti Cotton seed oil is a better vehicle for carbon disulphide (CS₂) studies on thyroid activity viz. Triiodotyronine (T₃), thyroxine (T₄) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH).

Key Words : T₃, T₄, TSH and CS₂ effects, thyroid activity.

Asian J. Exp. Sci, Vol. 11, No. 1&2, 1997, 15-18
 

Efficacy of Three Products of Balcillus thuringensis Berline] Against the Larvae of Kullu

Defoliator Sylepta balteata Fab Shamila Kalia and K. C. Joshi
Forest Entomology Division, T.F.R.I, P.O.R.F.C.,
Jabalpur-482021 (M.P.) India

Summary

Microbial pesticide Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner and its three products viz. Var.thuringiensis [BTB], Var.kurstaki [LDC] and Var. Kurstaki (Dipel-8L) in concentrations of 1% and above are equally effective against the erly last instar larvae of kullu defoliator Sylepta balteata F.to give optimum percentage of larval mortality irrespective of their commercial formulations.Spraying on food plants proved to be superior to the larval supraying regardldss of the concentrations.

Asian J. Exp. Sci, Vol. 11, No. 1&2, 1997, 19-23
 

Effect of Time and Number of Sprays Against Safflower Capsule Fly, Acanthiophilus helianthi (Rossi.)

Dhiraj Shrivastava, N.S. Bhadauria, Asha Mathur* and N.K.S. Bhadauria
J.N.K.V.V. Campus, College of Agriculture, Gwalior - 474002 (M.P.)
Govt. Naveen Girls College, Gwalior

Field experiment conducted to find out the appropriate stage and number of insecticidal applications against capsule fly, Acanthiophilus helianthi (Rossi.) indicated that three sprays at 90,110 and 130 days after sowing were most effective against capsule fly fllowed by two sprays at 110 and 130 days after sowing. However, 130 days old crop was most critical stage for insecticidal application against capsule fly.

Key words : Number of sprays, Critical stage, Acanthiophilus helianthi Rossi.

Asian J. Exp. Sci, Vol. 11, No. 1&2, 1997, 25-27
 

Host Plant Preference in Hyblaea pueracramet and Role of Certain Hytochemicals on Growth of Defoliator

N. Roy choudhury, Avinash Jain and K.C. Joshi
Forest Entomology Division, Chemistry of Forest Produce Division
Tropical Forest Research Institute, Jabalpur-482 021, India

Among the two host plants of H.puera, field observations revealed that Tectona grandis (teak) preferred first then Vitex negundo, Weight gained by larvae, pre-pupae and pupae of teak leaf-fed larvae were significantly (P>0.001) greater. Teak leaves showed significantly (P<0.01) more moisture percentage whereas V.negundo contained significantly (p<0.001) high titres of phenols and proteins. The ratio of phenols to proteins was relatively high in teak, which possibly influenced the growth of the insect.

Key Words : Host plants, Teak, Vitex Negundo, moisture, phenols, proteins, growth, Hyblaea puera.

Asian J. Exp. Sci, Vol. 11, No. 1&2, 1997, 29-32
 

Time Factor in Polynomial Modal

Gupta, Y.M., 1, Verma, U.P., 1, Tiwari, S.P. 2
1. School of study in Physics, University Gwalior - 474011 (India).
2. Cancer Hospital and Research Institute Gwalior – 474001 (India).

ABSRACT

Time factor has been included in polynomial model to account for proliferation. The formulae thus obtained have been used to calculated effective, radiation dose for fractionated as well as protected radiotherapeutic treatment schedules. The obtained result have been found in close agreement with that of LQ model.

Asian J. Exp. Sci, Vol. 11, No. 1&2, 1997, 33-36
 

Central Dogma of Ekistobiology

Dines Kumar Gupta*
Shree Gupta Institute,
903 Bai Ka Bagicha, Jabalpur M.P. 482001

Proposed central dogma of ekistobiology is structurally similar to central dogma of molecular biology and psychology. Central dogma of ekistobiology of propose to characterize the dominant subsystem of human settlement i.e., man in terms of its creativity, desire to create and satisfy and physiographical activity. Ability of scientist to develop quantitative methodology for simulated relationships will help planners and developers of human settlement to provide more economic, sustained and natural living conditions to teeming masses of global village

Asian J. Exp. Sci, Vol. 11, No. 1&2, 1997, 37-44
 

Spilanthol a More Potent and Ecofriendly Larvicidal Compound from Spilanthes acmell Murr.

R Ircharia, V. K Dixit and D.K Saraif
DHSG University, Sagar (M.P.)

Spilanthol, a major constituent of ethanolic ex1ract of flower heads of Spilanthes acmella Murr. is having potent ovicidal, larvicidal and pupicidal activity, Maxi¬mum 7.5 ppm concentration causes 100% motility of eggs, larvae and pupae of Anopheles, Culex and Aedes mosquito. The drug affects the nervous system of larvae and pupae and develops neuromuscular incoordination.

Asian J. Exp. Sci, Vol. 11, No. 1&2, 1997, 45-52
 

Combined Effect of Chemical Radioprotectors on the Fetal Weight of Swiss albino mice

Pomila Sharma and M. R. Saini
Radiation Biology Laboratory,
Department of Zoology, Univesity of Rajasthan,
Jaipur - 302004 (India)

Pregnant females were exposed to 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 Gy of gamma rays at each i.e. 9, 11 and 14 days of gestation in the presence or absence of cysteamine, MPG or combination of both. The reduction in fetal weight was found to be dependent upon both, on gestation days and dose of radiation in all the groups studied. The reduction in body weight was more pronounced after exposure to 2.0 Gy on day 9 post-coitum as compared to 11 and 14 days p.c. A significant increase in fetal weight was noticed at P<0.05 level after pretreatment of either of the drugs, however a highly significant (P<0.001) increase was recorded when both the drugs were given in combination 15 to 20 minutes prior irradiation. 

Asian J. Exp. Sci, Vol. 11, No. 1&2, 1997, 53-60
 

A Field Experiment in Wild on Hanuman Langur, Presby tis entellus during Solar Eclipse

A.K Chhangani, S.M. Mohnot and L.S. Rajpurohit
Indo - US Primate Project,
Department of zoology,
J.N.V. University, Jodhpur (Rajasthan)

Some 220 animals belonging to two troops at Mandore Gardens, Jodhpur, western Rajasthan were studies on October 24, 1995, the day of Solar Eclipse. Jodhpur, which lies 28° 19’N latitude and 73° 9’ E longitude. Jodhpur was 210 kms from the strip of Total Solar Eclipse. Here, 93% eclipse was recorded. Langurs belonging to two troops of all ages and both sexes numbering 220 were scanned for their behavioral profiles during Solar Eclipse. Before eclipse set in langurs were found feeding, grooming, playing, indulging in infant transfers, females in heat presenting before males and many of them resting. Animals were observed ad libitum and sampled instantaneously from 6:30 a.m. onwards. Till 8:00 a.m. the situation was normal. At 8:30 a.m. when the eclipse reached to 80% animals numbering about 155 started getting close forming small groups. The uneasy calm prevailed. Feeding and presentation stopped. With the increasing intensity of eclipse all activities slowed down. The leader male gave “whoop” calls. All newborns and infant were retrieved by their mothers. Adult females were found restlessness and nervous. Over a dozen of adult females were found looking towards the Sun. At 8:31 langurs started hiding under rocks, bushes and all interindividual interactions stopped. At 8:31 a.m. when the Solar Eclipse reached to about 93% all activities ceased and their normal circadian activities came to a zero level. Till 8:38 a.m. activities remains frozen. It was almost dark all around which continued for little over 3 minutes and gradually light reappeared. With the appearance of light langurs started resuming their daily activities. Within about 25 minutes from 9:05 a.m. to 9:30 a.m. normal activities were restored. We also observed other animals and birds during this phase.

Asian J. Exp. Sci, Vol. 11, No. 1&2, 1997, 61-65
 

Pharmacological Studies of Chronic Sankhia (AsP) Poisoning on Albino Rats

N.P. Dubey¹, H.S. Maheshwari², A.C. Rana³ & S.K Jain⁴

1. Research fellow (U.G.C.) Department of Criminology & Forensic Science,
   Dr. H.S. Gour University, Sagar (M.P.).
    

2. Prof. Department of Criminology & Forensic Science,
   Dr. B.S. Gour University, Sagar (M.P.).
    

3. Reader, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
   Dr. H.S. Gour University. Sagar (M.P.)
    

4. Sr. Lecturer, Department of Zoology.,
   Dr. H.S. Gour University, Sagar (M.P.).

The toxic effects of arsenic compounds have been known since ancient times and they have been associated with criminal poisoning for many centuries. Arsenic trioxide (Sankhia) is commonly used as acute and chronic poison. The present paper deals with the pharmacological changes due to the chronic sankhia (AS₂O₃) administration to albino rats. Albino rats were give arsenic trioxide (2 mg/Kg body weight/day) orally administered for the period of 7, 14, 21 days for sub-acute study and 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 days for chronic study. Some pharmacology parameters viz. lacrimation, pigmentation, keratosis, body weight and temperature were observed during the period of poison adminis­tration. During the study the animal showed mild lacrimation after 4 days of poison administration, which became prominent after 21 days. However lacrimation de­creased significantly during 120-180 days period. The pigmentation and kerato­sis on skin of albino rats were observed extensively after 150 days onwards. The poison treated rats showed slight decrease in body weight and temperature after 30 days of poison administration, which became more extensive during the later period of the study.

Asian J. Exp. Sci, Vol. 11, No. 1&2, 1997, 67-77
 

Temperature Tolerance in Two Insectivorous Desert Bats

B.S. Gaur and Ashok Purohit
Department of Zoology,
JNV University
Jodhpur - 342005 (India).

Temperature tolerance in two insectivorous desert bats: Rhinopoma microphyllum kinneari and Taphozus perforatus perforatus were studied during the Cold-Dry season (October to February) in the month of January when these bats live on their biological reserves (fats) and normal food is not available to them in Jodh­pur (26.18° N Lat. and 73.04° Long.). These bats were weighed and kept in BOD Incubator at 26° C. The temperature was raised initially by 2°C each day for 24 hours upto 38°C and then by 1°C and body weight recorded till the bats breathed their last. It seems that the temperature and body weight are inversely propor­tional. While R. m. kinneari could withstand temperature upto 41°C: T. p. perforatus died at 40°C. During this period R. m. kinneari and T. p. perforatus lost their body weight by approximately by 34 and 18 per cent respectively. Thus, of the two R. m. kinneari is better adapted to xeric conditions.

Asian J. Exp. Sci, Vol. 11, No. 1&2, 1997, 79-84
 

Neem (Azadiracta indica, A. .fuss) Bark: A Potent Antiandrogenic Agent

A. K Purohit and Anil Chhangani
Reproductive Physiology Section,
Department of Zoology, JNV University,
Jodhpur-342001, India.

The administration of neem bark (50% EtOH) extract to 21 day old immature castrated rats at the dose of 0.5 gm/kg body weight orally for 3 days caused sig­nificant reduction in accessory reproductive organs i.e. epididymides and semi­nal vesicle (P<0.01). Where as in combined treatment i.e. testosterone propi­onate and neem bark, weights of these organs were similar to castrated group (Control). The decreased male sex accessory organ weights reflect antiandrogenic nature of neem bark.

Influence of Zinc in Acidic Medium on Liver Biochemistry of Channa punctatus (Bloch)

Sharma, R. L. and Srivastava, N.
Fish Biology Laboratory,
Department of Zoology,
University of Rajasthan,
Jaipur-302004 (India)

The present experiment was conducted to access the effects of an acidic pH alone and in combination with 20 mg/L and 30 mg/L of Zinc at ph 6 on the murrel C. punctatus (Bloch). Zinc at an acidic pH elicits greater behavioural change in C. punctatus than exposure to an acidic pH alone. An acidic pH, however, appears to be the causative factor for changes in body weight; liver weight and HSL, whereas it tends to have no significant effects on liver proteins. It lowers liver glycogen and increases liver cholesterol content. On addition of zinc at an acidic pH, no appreciable change is brought about in total proteins, while a non-significant decline is noted in glycogen and a significant decline is noted in cholesterol.

Haematological values of Sarcoptic mange infected Hanuman Langurs and its comparison with the normal values

Chhangani, A. K. and Mohnot, S. M.
Indo-U.S. Primate Project,
Department of Zoology.,
J.N.V. University, Jodhpur-342001 (India)

The Hanuman langur (presbytis entellus) is a widely distributed non-human primate of the Indian sub-continent and found in variety of ecological conditions. A number of recent reports have suggested the usefulness of the Hanuman langur as laboratory model in variety of biomedical and virological studies. Little information is available on the haematological values of infected animals. Comparison of normal values with that of infected aI1imai values is useful in selecting animals for experimentation. In the present study, the investigations were carried out from the blood samples collected from the free ranging Hanuman langurs infected with Sarcoptic mange. Haematological parameters like blood-glucose, blood-urea, cholesterol, creatinine, bilurubin, SGOT, SGPT, Sodium, Potassium, Calcium. RBC, WBC were estimated. Results, their importance and comparison with normal values of langurs and humans are discussed.

Fluctuations in Dissolved Oxygen Content and Transparency of River Ramganga and its Tributaries due to Domestic Sewage and Industrial Effluents

Gupta, N. and Khan, A. W.
Department of Animal Science,
MJP Rohilkhand University,
Bareilly-243006 (India).

An attempt has been made in the present work to estimate the dissolved oxygen (DO) content and transparency during different months in the river Ramganga and its tributaries viz. Nakatia, Deorania and Sankha at Bareilly. Two sites, A & B (A-­clear, B-polluted) were chosen at each tributary. Observations made for a period of 12 months recorded a maximum decline in Deorania tributary of river Ramganga with a fall of 58.4% in DO and -32.53% intransparency indicating a higher pollution index of this sampling station.

Report of Survey of Higher Vertebrates of Rivers Yamuna. and Ganga (from Chambal / Yamuna Confluence at Pachnada to Varanasi)

Sharma, R. K.,
National Chambal Sanctuary,
Morena - 476001 (M.P.)

Available information about the occurrence of higher vertebrates in the rivers of Northern India is long outdated, besides being anecdotal and fragmentery. The Yamuna river below its confluence with the Chambal and the section of the Ganga into the Yamuna flows have not been systematically surveyed for higher vertebrates so far. Surveys of the above mentioned sections of rivers have a special significance with regard to the status of the gharial, because they can reveal information regarding migration of this species from the National Chambal Sanctuary, which contains its breeding populations and in which considerable numbers of captive reared gharials have been released to supplement wild populations. With the above objectives, these sections of the Yamuna and Ganga were surveyed in February 1997. The surveys assumed special importance for assessment of the effects of severe floods that occurred in the monsoon season of 1996 on the riverine/riparian ecosystem of the Yamuna and the Ganga.

Contraceptive Efficacy of Piper Longum (50(Yo EtOH Extract) with Special Emphasis on Testicular Cell Population Dynamics,

A. K. Purohit,
Reproductive Physiology Section,
J.N.V. University, Jodhpur.

The administration of Piper longum fruit (50% EtOH) extract to intact rats group at the dose of 1.50 mg/kg body weight for 60 days caused arrest of spermatogenesis. The diameter of seminiferous tubules and Leydig cell nuclei were reduced. The production of spermatocytes (primary and secondary) and spermatids were significantly reduced (P<0.001; 89.67%, 92.72% and 95.97%). The total number of immature and mature Leydig cells were significantly decreased (P<0.001; 71.27% and 80.82%), where as degenerating cells were significantly increased (55.62%). Decreased testicular cell population reflect contraceptive or antispermatogenic nature of Piper longum extract and may be of vital use in fertility control.

Notes on the Genus Pseudovelia Hoberlandt 1950 With the Description of a New Species from India (Hemiptera: Veliidae)

Gupta, Y. C. & Khandelwal V. K
Department of Zoology,
B. S. A. College,
Mathura (U.P.) India.

The Pseudovelia Hoberlandt, 1950, is an important genus of family Veliidae, which is hereto recorded from West Bengal, India. It is the first record of the genus from India. A new species Pseudovelia (s.str.) baijali sp.nov. is described. The Veliidae are perhaps the best known of all aquatic Hemiptera of the world and are extremely common in India waters. The members of the family Veliidae are easily differentiated from the related family Gerridae on the basis of hind leg not surpassing the tip of abdomen and the presence of median longitudinal groove on vertex. Pseudovelia Hoberlandt, 1950 belongs to the sub farnily Microveliinae of the family Veliidae (China & Usinger, 1949). The genus Pseudovelia Hoberlandt, 1950 is easily recognized from the members of other genera due to long, stout and curved antennae which extended more than 2/3 length beyond apex of head, blade like ventral arolium and cone shaped small proctiger which is caudally directed in female.

Total Body Lipids and its Iodine Number in Relation with the Reproductive Activity of Rhinopoma microphyllum kinneari

Purohit, A. K. and Gaur, B. S.
Department of Zoology,
JNV University,
Jodhpur-342005 (India)

Total body lipid (g/100 g dry body weight), its Iodine number and gross body water composition (g/100 g fresh body weight) were recorded from an insectivorous desert bat Rhinopoma microphyllum kinneari during reproductively active and inactive conditions which suggest that body lipid and its Iodine number decrease during active phases. The body water composition in female is elevated during their active phase while the male shows the reverse of it.

Top