Asian J. Exp. Sci, Vol. 13, No. 1&2, 1999, 1-4
 

Identification of Phenolic Component of Dettol and Phenyle in Visceral Material

M. Sodhiya, V. Dhingra, J. Pandey and A.K Guru
Forensic Science Laboratory
Sagar - 470003 (M.P.)

The present study deals with the use of thin layer chromatography (TLC) technique for the detection of o-, m-, p-cresols, phenol, Lysol and chloro-xylenol in some of the household disinfectants viz. Phenyle and Dettol preparation and biological materials viz. cresols, phenol, Lysol and chloroxylenol have been detected on silica gel coated TLC plates by spraying chromogenic reagent 4-aminoantipyrine. The method described here is sensitive and give colour test for detection of constituents of 'Dettol' and 'Phenyle' present in the vomit, stomach wash, cold/alcoholic drinks, visceral materials and in other edible materials.

Key words : TLC, Phenols, Phenyle, Dettol, Household Disinfectants.
 

Asian J. Exp. Sci, Vol. 13, No. 1&2, 1999, 5-8

Identification of Glyphosate in Biological Materials by Thin-Layer Chromatography-A Thin Layer Chromatographic Study

M. Sodhiya, V. Dhingra, J.Pandey and A.K Guru 7-10
Forensic Science Laboratory
Sagar - 470003 (M.P.)

Glyphosate N-(Phosphonomethyl) Glycine is a herbicide used in field crops. Easy availability of this compound frequently encountered in forensic case work. The present study deals with the use of thin-layer chromatography for the detection of Glyphosate in biological materials. Glyphosate detected on silica gel coated TLC plates in different solvent systems, using spraying reagent potassium bismuth iodide and Ninhydrin solutions. This technique is easy and useful in the detection of Glyphosate in biological materials in forensic study.

Key words : Herbicide, Glyphosate, Glycel, N-(Phosphonomethyl) Glycine. Asian J. Exp. Sci, Vol. 13, No. 1&2, 1999, 9-11
 

Acid and Alkaline Phosphatase Activity in the Midgut Tissue of Spodoptera litura (Fab.) (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae), Infected with Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus

V. Kumari and N.P. Singh
Department of Zoology,
University of Rajasthan, Jaipur - 302004
Rajasthan (India)

Changes in the activity of acid and alkaline phosphatase in Spodoptera litura larvae infected with nuclear polyhedrosis virus (Sl NPV) have been investigated. The enzyme activity of acid and alkaline phosphatases in the midgut tissue of 24, 48 and 72 hours post infected (hpi) larvae was significantly higher than that of uninfected larvae. The increase was maximum for alkaline phosphatase at 72 hpi for 5 day and Acid phosphatase at 48 hpi for 8 day old larvae.

Key words : Acid phosphatase, Alkaline phosphatase, midgut, Spodoptera litura (Fab.), nuclear polyhedrosis virus.
 

Asian J. Exp. Sci, Vol. 13, No. 1&2, 1999, 13-18

Field Evaluation of Anticoagulants Against Poison-shy Population of Rodents

A. Mathur and A. Saxena
Department of Zoology
Raj Rishi College, Alwar (Rajasthan)

Field evaluation of anticoagulants, Brodifacoum and Difethialone reveal that both the anticoagulants are highly effective to control the poison-shy population of rodents. After the intermittent treatment of zinc phosphide (single and double exposure) 93.3 % and 92.8% control success was recorded respectively with Brodifacoum (0.005% conc.) while Difethialone treatment gave 90.6% and 92.3 % control success after single and double exposure of 2 % zinc phosphide.

Key words : Anticoagulants, Brodifacoum, Difethialone, zinc phosphide.
 

Asian J. Exp. Sci, Vol. 13, No. 1&2, 1999, 19-25

Laboratory efficacy of Anticoagulants against Poison-shy population of Mus musculus albino

A. Mathur and A. Saxena
Department of Zoology
Raj Rishi College, Alwar (Rajasthan)

The efficacy of anticoagulants, Brodifacoum and Difethialone on poison shy albino mice ( with a prior feeding of sub lethal dose of zinc phosphide ) reveal a markedly high suspectibility in no choice bait feeding with a low range of days (2-4 with 0.005% conc. Brodifacoum and 3-7 days with 0.000625 % conc. Difethialone). The acute median lethal dose, LD50 for poison shy albino mice also showed an increase oral toxicity after an prior ingestion of zinc phosphide.

Key words : Anticoagulants/Brodifacoum/Difethialone/Poison-shy population, Oral Toxicity.
 

Asian J. Exp. Sci, Vol. 13, No. 1&2, 1999, 27-35

Significance of Serum Copper, Zinc and Copper/Zinc Ratio in Cancer Head and Neck and Cervix Uterus Patients Treated with Radiotherapy

A. Chougle and S. Hussain**
*Department of Radiotherapy
RNT Medical College, Udaipur - 313 001
**Meera Girls College, Udaipur

The Trace elements such as copper (Cu) and Zinc (Zn) are very essential for normal physiological activities of human being. Inadequate levels of these trace elements may cause disfunctioning or illness. We have estimated serum copper levels (SCL) and serum zinc levels (SZL) in 70 patients with head and neck malignancy and 57 patients with malignancy of cervix uterus. The estimations were done on atomic absorption spectrometer [902/903 GBC] in blood samples collected before start of radiotherapy, midway between radiotherapy (30 Gy tumor dose), at completion of therapy (60-70 Gy tumor dose) and during subsequent monthly follow-ups. Estimation were also done in control group of 20 healthy individuals and were 109.5 ± 18.02 µg/100ml, 84.05 ± 12.3 µg/100 ml and 1.27 ± 0.30 for SCL, SZL and Cu/Zn ratio respectively. In the present study we observed significantly higher levels of copper in both head and neck and cervix malignancies . In head and neck the copper levels before start of radiotherapy were 234.1 ± 28.1, 257.2 ± 24.8, 281.2 ± 25.6 (µg/100ml) for stage IIA, IIB and IIA respectively. Similarly the levels in cancer cervix were 263.8 ± 13.0, 305.5 ± 11.5, 312.2 ± 54.7 (µg/100ml)for stage II, IIIA and IIB respectively . The SZL were lower than the control group in both malignancies of head and neck and cervix. We further found that the SCL and Cu/Zn ratio to decrease as tumor regresses where as SZL levels were observed to increase. The Cu/Zn ratio can be used to predict the prognosis of the disease to radiotherapy in head and neck and cervix malignancies.

Key words: Copper, Zinc, Malignancy, Copper/Zinc, Tumor regression, Biochemical investigation
 

Asian J. Exp. Sci, Vol. 13, No. 1&2, 1999, 37-46

Management of Malignancies by Radiotherapy and Role of Biochemical Parameters

A. Chougule, S. Hussain* and D.P. Singh**
Department of Radiotherapy
SMS Medical College and Hospital,
Jaipur-302 004

*Meera Girls College,
Udaipur-313 001

**RNT Medical College,
Udaipur-313 001

There is fast accumulating evidence that environmental factors play a very significant role in occurrence of malignancy. The environmental factors alter cellular growth leading to biochemical changes in blood serum. In the present communication we have made an attempt to evaluate the biochemical changes such as macrometals (magnesium and calcium), serum pseudocholine esterase (PCHE) and serum lactate de hydrogenase (LDH) levels as side adjuct in diagnosis and prognosis of 126 biopsy proved malignancies of head & neck and cervix of uterus.

In the present communication we observed that PCHE levels were within normal limits in early stage of malignancy whereas they were significantly lowered in advanced stage of malignancy. As radiotherapy progressed the level again tend towards normal limit. The LDH activity was much higher than the normal limits in all the cases of malignancy. The LDH activity became normal after completion of radiotherapy in all the patients with no tumor activity. Hyper calcemia and hyper magnesia was observed in advanced malignancy and level decreased as radiotherapy progressed. From present study we conclude that the biochemical tests in combination can be employed to know the extent of tumor activity and has got excellent prognostic significance.

Key words: Malignancy, Biochemical Markers, Hypercalcemia

Bioactivity of Oil Extracted from Vitex negundo L. (Verbenaceae) on Insects SUophilus oryzae L.(Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Rhyzopertha dominica F. (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae)

Santosh, D.K. Tewary and P. Vasudevan
Center for Rural Development and Technology,
Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi.
Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016.

Essential oil extracted from the plant Vitex negundo L. was tested for its bioactivity against Sitophilus oryzae Land Rhyzopertha dominica F. by treating the grain samples with different concentrations of the oil. To evaluate the persistence of the oil’s bioefficacy, insects were inoculated in the treated wheat grain at different time intervals. Response varied with insect species. However, oil’s activity against both the insects showed a decreasing trend when inoculation time was increased after the treatment. On inoculating the insects immediately and 15 days after the grain treatment with the oil, the LC₅₀ values for S. oryzae and R. dominica were found to be 12 and 17 mL oil/500 gm grain respectively. The same values increased to 196, 332 mL respectively when inoculation was done 75 days after the treatment. Only 9, 16 mL oil/500 gm required to cause 50 percent reduction in adult emergence of F1 progeny when inoculation was made immediately and 15 days after the treatment. The oil was analysed by GC using Fill detector to determine its constituents. The effect of oil on water absorption capacity and germination potential of the grain was also determined and found to be in the normal range.

Effect of Lucerne and Berseem Leaves Concentrate Supplementation With or Without Ascorbic Acid on the Iron Status of Young Women

B. Mathur, A. Goyle, S. Varma, A. Arya, A. Rathi
Department of Home Science,
*Department of Zoology
University of Rajasthan, Jaipur-302 004

The study determined the effect of oral Leaf Concentrate (LC), a dark green powder extracted from plants like Lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) and berseem (Trifolium alexandrium L.) supplementation with and without ascorbic acid on the iron status on 30 young women over an intervention period of l4 weeks. Of the 3 groups of 10 subjects each, one experimental group received 6g LC supplementation, the other received LC and ascorbic acid (125 mg) supplementation while the third group was control, which did not receive any supplementation. Blood analysis for iron status determination was conducted pre and post-intervention. Dietary data were collected through a 3 day 24 hour dietary recall method. The dietary intakes of all the 3 groups were comparable. The diets were found to be low in iron rich foods but were adequate in ascorbic acid. Post-intervention, blood analysis showed that the two experimental groups exhibited a better blood picture as compared to the control group. Hemoglobin levels of the experimental groups II and I improved significantly while the control group showed no such improvement. Results highlighted increases in haematocrit and TRBC levels as well. An increase in serum iron and consequent decrease in serum TIBC levels was noted in the experimental groups. Thus, supplementation did not add to iron absorption.

The Seasonal Effects on the Biology of Leucinodes orbonalis Guen. During Summer and Winter

A. Mathur, A. Saxena and LV Jain
Department of Zoology,
Raj. Rishi. College,
Alwar, Rajasthan.

Brinjal shoot and fruit borer, Leucinodes orbonalis Guen. is the most destructive insect pest on brinjal is cultivation. Comparative studies were carried out at Umren region, Alwar in winter 2001 and summer 2002 to understand the influence of ecological factors (temperature and relative humidity) on the population of insect pest, Leucinodes orbonalis Guen. It is noted that a highly significant difference occurs in the time period at the larval stage whereas a significant difference occurred at pupal and adult stage and a non-significant difference in the egg stage. The total development period was found to be 37 ± 2.31 days and 28.2 ± 1.2 days in winter and summer, respectively. The difference in these and other stages was significantly different owing to the difference of temperature and relative humidity values, thereby reflecting the effect of two important ecological factors viz. temperature and relative humidity on the total development period as well as on the individual developmental stages.

Biochemical Alterations in the Haemolymph of Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus (NPV) Infected Larvae of Spodoptera tUura (Fab.)

Vinod Kumari and N.P. Singh
Department of Zoology
University of Rajasthan,
Jaipur-302 004, Rajasthan, India.

The effect of nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) on pathophysiology of Spodoptera litura (Fab.) larvae was studied at 24.48 and 72 hours post infection. The infection resulted in significant changes in various biochemical parameters of haemolymph. Protein carbohydrate, uric acid and lipid contents were higher in treated larvae as compared to untreated control. The increase was maximum for 5 day old larvae at 72 hpi in case of protein, carbohydrate and lipid and for 8 day old larvae at 48 hpi in case of uric acid.

Effect of Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki on Biochemical Changes in Haemolymph of Helicoverpa arniigera (Hubner) Larvae

R. Tripathi and N.P. Singh
Department of Zoology
University of Rajasthan,
Jaipur - 302004, Rajasthan

Biochemical estimation of haemolymph of Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki infected larvae of Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) revealed that protein and carbohydrate content increased whereas, lipid content decreased. The reason for changes are discussed. The LC₅₀ values amounting for III, IV and V instar larvae were 809.37, 2095.57 and 2605.54 IU/mg, respectively.

Alteration in the Diameter of Seminiferous Tubules of Irradiated Mouse Pretreated with a Thiophosphate Radioprotector (WR-2721)

Jaimala and S. Pahadiya
University of Rajasthan,
Jaipur-302004 (India).

Adult Swiss albino mice were exposed to different acute doses of gamma radiation with and without pretreatment with a thiophosphate radioprotector (WR-2721) and were sacrificed at various post irradiation intervals. It was found that irradiation led to a remarkable reduction of reversible nature in diameter of the seminiferous tubules. The thiophosphate pretreatment checked this reduction to a significant extent and reduced the recovery time. The reduction in the tubular diameter was maximum at the highest irradiation dose (i.e. 8 Gy) and was minimum at the lowest dose (i.e. 3 Gy) in both the groups. The trends and causes have been discussed.

β-carotene against Radiation-induced Oxidative Stress in Mice Brain

Manish Kumar Sharma and Rashmi Sisodia
Radiation Biology Laboratory,
Department of Zoology,
University of Rajasthan,
Jaipur-302004, Rajasthan.

Fourteen days oral administration of b-carotene (35 mg/Kg body weight) followed by an acute dose of gamma radiation (5 Gy) checked the augmentation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) with a statistically significant protection against GSH in Swiss albino mice brain. The antioxidative property of b-carotene against gamma radiation is suggestive of free radical scavenging and singlet oxygen quenching.

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